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概要：我不喜欢看用铅笔写的信。（只表被动，无时间性）②This is the building built last year．这是去年建的楼房。（被动，完成）③The building being built there is our lab． 那里正建的那幢建筑物是我们的实验室。（正在进行）④They have designed a building to be built next year． 他们已设计了一幢明年要建的楼房。（将来）b表被动含义时，瞬时动词不能用-ing 进行式的被动语态，应使用过去分词。例：①most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists. (Ⅹ) ②Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists．(√) 多数应邀参加晚会的人都是著名的科学家。c．-ing完成时的被动语态不能用作定语，表被动含义时用过去分词。例：①We enjoy seeing the f

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　　　我不喜欢看用铅笔写的信。（只表被动，无时间性）
　　②This is the building built last year．这是去年建的楼房。（被动，完成）
　　③The building being built there is our lab．
　　   那里正建的那幢建筑物是我们的实验室。（正在进行）
　　④They have designed a building to be built next year．
　　   他们已设计了一幢明年要建的楼房。（将来）
　　b表被动含义时，瞬时动词不能用-ing 进行式的被动语态，应使用过去分词。
例：①most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists. (Ⅹ)
　   ②Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists．(√)
　        多数应邀参加晚会的人都是著名的科学家。
　　c．-ing完成时的被动语态不能用作定语，表被动含义时用过去分词。
例：①We enjoy seeing the films having been directed by Charlie Chaplin．(Ⅹ)
       ②We enjoy seeing the films directed by Charlie Chaplin．(√)
　        我们喜欢看卓别林导演的电影。
2. 过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语
　　不定式作宾语补足语与宾语构成主动关系，过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语构成被动关系。
例：①When we talk with others，we make ourselves understood not just by words.
　    ②When we talk With others，we make them understand us not just by words．
            我们与人交谈时，不只是通过语言让人们理解我们的意思。
 3. 过去分词的逻辑主语
　　作状语用的过去分词，其逻辑主语应与名词中的主语一致。
例：①Seen from the hill, we find the village very small.  (Ⅹ)
       ②Seen from the hill，the village looks very small．(√)
           我们如果在山上看（我们）会发现村子很小。
高考热点
　　以下是历年高考题中的过去分词试题，请总结有关过去分词的考点。
　　l．The managers discussed the plan that they
　　 would like to see the next year．（NMET 2000）
　　A．carry out        B．carrying out   C．carried out         D．to carry out
　　分析: 例1的答案为C。此句中包含一个定语从句，the plan是定语从句的先行词，将其放到定语从句中构成 they would like to see the plan ____（carry out）。the plan与 carry out构成被动关系，故用 carried out。
　　小结: 此题测试的是过去分词作宾补。过去分词作宾补时，它所表示的动作对象是前面的宾语，与其构成被动关系。
　　2．Most of the artists to the party were ____ 　from South Africa．
　　A．invited   　　 B．to invited
　　C．being invited   D．had been invited（NMET90）
　　3．The first textbooks________for teaching English as　a foreign language came out in the 16th　century．
　　A．having written     B．to be written
　　C．being written    D．written (NMET94)
　　4．The Olympic Games，____ in 776B.C.，did　not include women players until 1912．
　　A first played      &n

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www.88haoxue.com bsp;  　B．to be first played
　　C first playing   D．to be first playing （NMET97）
　　分析:例2的答案为 A。例3的答案为 D。此两题都是前面的名词与动词之间构成被动关系，作后置定语。可变为限制性定语从句，who were invited…；that  were  written…。例4的答案为 A.名词 the Olympic Games与动词 play之间构成被动关系，也作后置定语，可变为非限制性定语从句 which were first played…。
　　小结:以上三个小题测试的是过去分词作后置定语。过去分词作定语通常表示被动含义，同时还表示这个分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
　　5．____more attention, the trees could have grown better.
　　A. Given 　　B. To give  　　C. Giving  　　D. Having given  (NMET 90)
　　6． ____ in thought，he almost ran Into the car in　front of him．
　　A、Losing     B．Having lost  C．Lost     D．Lose（NMET96）
　　分析：例 5的答案为 A。主句的主语the　trees与动词give之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词。此题过去分词作了条件状语。可改为　If　the trees had been given more attention…. 例 6的答案为C。把此句还原后是As he was lost in thought, he …lost

　　小结：以上两题测试的是过去分词作状语。过去分词作状语时，表示名词与动词之间是被动关系，一般强调分词所发生的动作在谓语动作之前发生.
　　7．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. （NMET’98）
　　A．pay   B. paying     C．paid      D．to pay
　　分析：此题的答案为C。此题旨在考查“get十过去分词”结构的用法。该结构中的 get可以用be代替。后跟过去分词作表语，含有被动含义，多用于强调结果或表示不期而遇和偶然发生的事。类似的短语还有get broken；get hurt; get married; get caught等。

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