高中阅读技巧培养

概要：根据上下文猜测词义利用定义推知词义利用重述推知词义利用常识或经验推知词义利用搭配关系推测词义利用同义关系猜测词义利用反义或对比关系猜测词义根据所举示例猜测词义根据上下文猜测熟悉词语的新含义实义词词意猜测代词指代理解单句理解弄清句子的类型和结构简单句并列句复合句抓住句中的难点不要望文生义段落理解有主题句的段落处于段首处于段尾处于段中前后呼应暗含其中无主题句的段落阅读理解的考查方向综合分析理解题型标题选择中心主旨概括判断推断题直接推断题含蓄推断题推断作者的态度和识别语气推断文章的内涵和写作目的推断文章的来源推断上下文的主题① 从文章结构中找线索② 从文章头尾中找线索数字计算图形辨析If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them t

根据上下文猜测词义
利用定义推知词义
利用重述推知词义
利用常识或经验推知词义
利用搭配关系推测词义
利用同义关系猜测词义
利用反义或对比关系猜测词义
根据所举示例猜测词义
根据上下文猜测熟悉词语的新含义
实义词词意猜测
代词指代理解
单句理解
弄清句子的类型和结构
简单句
并列句
复合句
抓住句中的难点
不要望文生义
段落理解
有主题句的段落
处于段首
处于段尾
处于段中
前后呼应
暗含其中
无主题句的段落
阅读理解的考查方向
综合分析理解题型
标题选择
中心主旨概括
判断推断题
直接推断题
含蓄推断题
推断作者的态度和识别语气
推断文章的内涵和写作目的
推断文章的来源
推断上下文的主题
① 从文章结构中找线索
② 从文章头尾中找线索
数字计算
图形辨析
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Dependi
ng on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to asgroupsor managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.?
　　Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
　　If you are part of thesgroupswhich you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.?
　　If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.?
　　Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.??
　　1. To make your humor work, you should?
　　［A］take advantage of different kinds of audience.
　　［B］make fun of the disorganized people.
　　［C］address different problems to different people.
　　［D］show sympathy for your listeners.
　　2. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are?
　　［A］impolite to new arrivals.
　　［B］very conscious of their godlike role.
　　［C］entitled to some privileges.
　　［D］very busy even during lunch hours.
　　3. It can be inferred from the text that public services?
　　［A］have benefited many people.
　　［B］are the focus of public attention.
　　［C］are an inappropriate subject for humor.
　　［D］have often been the laughing stock.
　　4. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered?
　　［A］in well-worded language.
　　［B］as awkwardly as possible.
　　［C］in exaggerated statement.
　　［D］as casually as possible.
　　5. The best title for the text may be?
　　［A］Use Humor Effectively.
　　［B］Various Kinds of Humor.
　　［C］Add Humor to Speech.
　　［D］Different Humor Strategies.
　　第一部分 文章背景
　　[内容分类]人文科学--说明文
　　作为2002年第一篇文章，本文难度不大，是一种指南性的说明文，观点明确，论述清晰，旨在教会读者如何使用幽默。
　　第二部分 语言点详解
　　1. identify认出；识别
　　[大纲词汇] identify v.认出；识别
　　[衍生词汇] identification n认明；识别;身份证明，简写为ID